⚠️ Stay Safe in Volcanic Iceland

Volcano Safety Guide

Essential information for staying safe around Iceland's active volcanoes

Current Volcanic Alert Levels

Reykjanes Peninsula

ORANGE

Heightened unrest with ongoing seismic activity and ground deformation. Eruption possible.

Last updated: Check vedur.is for live status

Katla

YELLOW

Elevated unrest above background levels. Increased monitoring in place.

Hekla

GREEN

Normal background activity. Regular monitoring continues.

Grímsvötn

YELLOW

Elevated activity with gradual buildup towards next eruption.

Iceland's Volcanic Alert System

🟢

GREEN - Normal

  • Background volcanic activity
  • No signs of unrest
  • Standard monitoring continues
  • No restrictions for tourists
🟡

YELLOW - Advisory

  • Elevated unrest above normal
  • Increased earthquake activity
  • Ground deformation detected
  • Enhanced monitoring activated
  • Tourist areas remain open
🟠

ORANGE - Watch

  • Heightened unrest with escalating activity
  • Eruption likely within weeks to months
  • Possible access restrictions
  • Emergency services on heightened alert
  • Tourist areas may have limitations
🔴

RED - Warning

  • Eruption imminent or in progress
  • Immediate threat to life and property
  • Evacuation orders may be issued
  • Flight restrictions in effect
  • Tourist access prohibited in danger zones

Emergency Procedures

🚨 During a Volcanic Eruption

1
Stay calm and assess the situation

Don't panic. Most eruptions in Iceland are effusive, not explosive.

2
Follow official evacuation orders

If authorities order evacuation, leave immediately. Don't delay.

3
Avoid low-lying areas

Stay away from valleys where toxic gases can accumulate.

4
Protect yourself from ash

Cover nose and mouth. Volcanic ash can cause breathing problems.

🌪️ Volcanic Ash Exposure

Immediate Actions:

  • Seek shelter indoors immediately
  • Close all windows and doors
  • Turn off ventilation systems
  • Wear N95 masks or wet cloth over face
  • Avoid driving unless absolutely necessary

Health Risks:

  • Respiratory irritation and breathing difficulties
  • Eye irritation and tearing
  • Skin irritation
  • Especially dangerous for people with asthma

🌊 Glacial Floods (Jökulhlaup)

Warning Signs:

  • Sudden increase in river water level
  • Water becomes muddy or carries debris
  • Strange chemical smell
  • Rumbling sounds

Safety Actions:

  • Move to higher ground immediately
  • Never try to cross swollen rivers
  • Stay away from riverbanks
  • Alert others in the area

💨 Volcanic Gas Exposure

Dangerous Gases:

  • CO₂: Heavy, accumulates in low areas
  • SO₂: Acid gas, causes breathing problems
  • H₂S: "Rotten egg" smell, toxic
  • Fluorine compounds: Highly toxic to livestock

Protection:

  • Stay upwind of volcanic vents
  • Avoid valleys and depressions
  • Move to higher, windward areas
  • Seek medical attention if breathing problems develop

How Iceland Monitors Volcanoes

Iceland operates one of the world's most advanced volcano monitoring systems, combining multiple technologies to detect volcanic unrest and predict eruptions.

📊

Seismic Monitoring

Network of 70+ seismometers detect earthquakes that precede eruptions.

What it detects:

  • Earthquake swarms from magma movement
  • Tremor patterns indicating eruption onset
  • Changes in earthquake frequency and magnitude
🛰️

GPS Ground Deformation

Continuous GPS stations measure millimeter-scale ground movement.

What it detects:

  • Ground swelling from magma intrusion
  • Subsidence from magma withdrawal
  • Horizontal displacement patterns
🌡️

Gas Monitoring

Chemical analysis of volcanic gases reveals changes in magma depth and composition.

What it detects:

  • Changes in gas composition (SO₂, CO₂, H₂S)
  • Gas emission rates
  • Temperature changes in fumaroles
📡

InSAR Satellite Radar

Satellite interferometry detects ground deformation over large areas.

What it detects:

  • Regional ground deformation patterns
  • Changes in glacier thickness
  • Long-term volcanic processes
📸

Thermal Cameras

Infrared cameras monitor temperature changes and lava flow movement.

What it detects:

  • Temperature changes at volcanic vents
  • Lava flow rates and direction
  • Hot spot development
🌊

Hydrological Monitoring

River level and conductivity monitoring for jökulhlaup detection.

What it detects:

  • Glacial flood onset
  • Chemical changes in river water
  • Ice cauldron formation

Monitoring Organizations

🌡️ Icelandic Met Office (IMO)

Primary volcanic monitoring and official warnings. Operates the national seismic network.

vedur.is →

🏫 University of Iceland

Research and scientific analysis. Operates additional monitoring equipment.

🚨 Emergency Management Agency

Coordinates emergency response and evacuation procedures during volcanic crises.

Personal Safety Preparation

📱 Essential Apps & Resources

SafeTravel.is App

Official safety information and current warnings

112 Iceland App

Emergency app with GPS location sharing

Vedur.is

Live volcanic monitoring and alerts

Local Radio

RÚV broadcasts emergency information in multiple languages

🎒 Emergency Kit

Basic Emergency Supplies:

  • N95 or P100 face masks
  • Goggles to protect eyes from ash
  • Battery-powered radio
  • Flashlight and extra batteries
  • First aid supplies
  • 3-day supply of water and food
  • Cash (ATMs may not work)
  • Important documents in waterproof container

Vehicle Kit:

  • Extra air filters for car
  • Emergency tools and spare tire
  • Warm clothes and blankets
  • Ice scraper (ash can be abrasive)

📋 Emergency Contacts

Emergency Services: 112

Police, fire, medical emergency, search and rescue

ICE-SAR: 570 5900

Icelandic Search and Rescue Association

Tourist Hotline: 1717

General information and assistance for tourists

Embassy/Consulate

Your country's diplomatic representation

🏠 Home Preparation

Before Traveling:

  • Check current volcanic alert levels
  • Inform someone of your travel plans
  • Purchase travel insurance covering natural disasters
  • Research evacuation routes for your destinations

Accommodation Safety:

  • Know location of nearest emergency shelter
  • Understand hotel/guesthouse emergency procedures
  • Keep emergency kit in easily accessible location
  • Know how to seal windows and doors against ash

Regional Volcanic Hazards

🔥 Reykjanes Peninsula

High Activity

Current Hazards:

  • Active fissure eruptions
  • Lava flows crossing roads
  • Volcanic gas emissions
  • Access restrictions change frequently

Safety Notes:

  • Always check current conditions before visiting
  • Follow all barriers and restricted areas
  • Blue Lagoon may close with short notice
  • Keflavík Airport access may be affected

🧊 South Coast (Katla Zone)

Medium Risk

Potential Hazards:

  • Glacial floods (jökulhlaup)
  • Ash fall from Katla eruption
  • Road closures on Ring Road
  • Evacuation of Vík and surrounding areas

Safety Notes:

  • Monitor river levels when traveling
  • Know location of evacuation routes
  • Keep emergency supplies in vehicle
  • Have backup accommodation plans

🏔️ Central Highlands

Low Risk

Considerations:

  • Remote location limits rescue access
  • Some areas may be affected by ash fall
  • River levels can change rapidly
  • Weather conditions compound volcanic risks

Safety Notes:

  • Travel with satellite communication device
  • Inform others of travel plans
  • Carry extra food, water, and warm clothing
  • Have GPS navigation and paper maps

Stay Informed About Volcanic Activity

Check current conditions and alert levels before any volcano-related activities