Greatest Natural Disaster in Recorded History
The Lakagígar fissure eruption of 1783-1784 stands as one of the most catastrophic volcanic events in human history, causing climate disruption across the Northern Hemisphere and leading to the deaths of millions worldwide.
The 25-kilometer long Lakagígar fissure system extends across Iceland's southern highlands, creating one of the most dramatic volcanic landscapes on Earth.
Note: Access requires 4WD vehicle and highland driving experience. Road is only open in summer.
Known in Iceland as Skaftáreldar (Skaftá River Fires), this eruption began on June 8, 1783, and continued for eight months, fundamentally changing the global climate.
First fissure opens with explosive activity. Local pastor Jón Steingrímsson documents the event.
Massive lava flows fill the Skaftá River gorge, then the Hverfisfljót River, destroying fish populations.
New fissures open to the southwest, continuing the massive effusion of lava and gas.
After 8 months, the eruption finally ceases, leaving behind a transformed landscape.
On July 20, 1783, Pastor Jón Steingrímsson delivered his famous "Fire Sermon" in Kirkjubæjarklaustur as lava approached the town. Legend says the lava stopped after his sermon, sparing the settlement. This event is commemorated annually in Iceland.
The eruption's impact extended far beyond Iceland, causing climate disruption, crop failures, and famine across the Northern Hemisphere, making it one of history's most significant natural disasters.
"During several of the summer months of the year 1783, when the effect of the sun's rays to heat the earth in these northern regions should have been greatest, there existed a constant fog over all Europe, and a great part of North America."— Benjamin Franklin, 1784
Lakagígar is located in Iceland's remote highlands, accessible only by 4WD vehicles via F-roads during summer months. This is a challenging but incredibly rewarding destination.
Lakagígar offers unparalleled insights into one of history's most significant volcanic events. The site demonstrates the massive scale of basaltic fissure eruptions and their potential global impacts, making it essential for understanding both Icelandic geology and world history.