Hekla

The Gateway to Hell

1,491m Height
2000 Last Eruption
<1 hour Warning Time

About Hekla

Hekla is a 1,491 m stratovolcano in southern Iceland, historically called the "Gateway to Hell." It is part of a 40 km fissure system and typically produces VEI 3–5 explosive eruptions. Medieval Europeans believed the souls of the damned passed through its crater. Today, Hekla remains one of Iceland's most active and unpredictable volcanoes.

⚡ Eruption Pattern

  • More than 20 eruptions since settlement
  • Peak elevation: 1,491 m
  • Part of 40 km fissure system
  • Erupts roughly every 10-50 years
  • Currently 25 years since last eruption (longest gap)
  • Gives less than 1 hour warning

🌋 Volcanic Type

  • Stratovolcano
  • Explosive eruptions with ash
  • Produces fluorine-rich tephra
  • VEI 3-5 eruptions typical

📜 Historical Impact

  • 1104: First recorded eruption; destroyed farms, deposited thick tephra
  • 1693: Large explosive eruption with heavy ashfall
  • 1845-1846: Produced lava flows and ash that damaged farmland
  • Medieval name: "Gateway to Hell"

Recent Eruptions & Current Status

⚠️ Eruption Risk - Longest Repose Period in History

Hekla has been quiet since 2000 - 25 years since its last eruption. This is the longest gap in recorded history. The volcano typically gives less than 60 minutes warning before erupting. Scientists closely monitor this unpredictable volcano.

20th & 21st Century Eruptions

  • 26 Feb 2000 – 8 Mar 2000: Most recent eruption; 7 km fissure opened, sending ash 15 km high and producing lava flows
  • 1991 (17 Jan): Created 7 km fissure, emitted ~0.15 km³ of lava, sent ash clouds to 11.5 km altitude
  • 1980 & 1981: Two eruptions produced lava flows covering ~22 km²
  • 1947–48: One of the 20th century's largest Hekla eruptions

Monitoring & Hazards

  • 24/7 seismic monitoring
  • GPS stations track ground deformation
  • Gas emissions monitored
  • Evacuation plans ready
  • Can affect air travel and local agriculture
  • Authorities monitor closely

Visiting Hekla

📍 Access

  • 2 hours from Reykjavík
  • F225 mountain road (4x4 required)
  • Summer access only (June-September)
  • Check conditions before visiting

🥾 Hiking

  • Summit hike: 7-8 hours round trip
  • Challenging terrain
  • Snow on summit year-round
  • Not recommended during high alert

⚠️ Safety

  • Check volcanic alerts before visiting
  • Can erupt with minimal warning
  • Carry emergency supplies
  • Register travel plans with SafeTravel.is