Eyjafjallajökull

The Volcano That Stopped the World

1,651m Height
2010 Global Disruption
100km² Ice Cap Area

About Eyjafjallajökull

This ice-capped stratovolcano became globally famous in 2010 when its eruption produced an ash cloud that disrupted air travel worldwide for weeks. The name means "Island Mountain Glacier."

🌋 Volcano-Glacier

  • Stratovolcano completely covered by glacier
  • Active volcanic system
  • Ice-magma interaction creates explosive eruptions
  • Part of the Southern Iceland volcanic zone

🧊 Ice Cap Facts

  • Area: ~100 km²
  • Covers entire volcanic crater
  • Multiple outlet glaciers
  • Ice thickness: up to 200m

📍 Location

  • South Iceland, visible from Ring Road
  • 25 km west of Katla volcano
  • 120 km from Reykjavík
  • Overlooks coastal plains

The 2010 Eruption - Global Impact

✈️ Aviation Chaos

The 2010 eruption created the largest air-traffic shutdown since World War II, affecting 10 million passengers, 100,000 flights cancelled, and economic losses of $1.7 billion due to fine volcanic ash in the atmosphere.

March 20, 2010 - Fimmvörðuháls

Initial eruption began on the flank, creating spectacular lava fountains and attracting thousands of tourists. This effusive eruption lasted 3 weeks.

April 14, 2010 - Summit Eruption

Main explosive eruption began under the ice cap, creating massive ash clouds that rose 11 km into the atmosphere and spread across Europe.

Global Shutdown

European airspace closed for 6 days. The fine volcanic ash was dangerous to jet engines, leading to the most comprehensive flight ban in peacetime history.

Why So Disruptive?

  • Ice-magma interaction created fine ash
  • Ash particles damage jet engines
  • High-altitude ash clouds spread widely
  • Westerly winds carried ash to Europe

Local Impact

  • Glacial floods (jökulhlaups)
  • Ash fall on farmland
  • Temporary evacuation of areas
  • Tourism boom afterwards

The Ice Cap Today

Post-eruption, the glacier has reformed over the volcanic crater, though the ice cap is smaller and changed by the 2010 events.

🧊 Current State

  • Ice reformed over crater since 2010
  • Thinner ice cap than pre-eruption
  • New crevasse patterns
  • Ongoing glacial retreat due to climate

🌊 Outlet Glaciers

  • Gígjökull: Famous outlet with lagoon
  • Steinholtsjökull: Popular for hiking
  • Multiple smaller outlets to valleys
  • All retreating steadily

🔬 Monitoring

  • 24/7 volcanic monitoring
  • Seismic stations around volcano
  • Regular ice thickness measurements
  • GPS tracking of ground deformation

Visiting Eyjafjallajökull

👀 Best Viewpoints

  • Ring Road: Multiple viewing spots
  • Þórsmörk: Base of the volcano
  • Seljavallalaug: Historic pool with view
  • Skógafoss: Waterfall with volcano backdrop

🥾 Hiking Options

  • Fimmvörðuháls trail (challenging)
  • Þórsmörk day hikes
  • Steinholtsjökull glacier walk
  • Summit climb (expert only)

🎯 Nearby Attractions

  • Skógafoss and Seljalandsfoss waterfalls
  • Black sand beaches at Reynisfjara
  • Þórsmörk nature reserve
  • Westman Islands (Heimaey)

📚 Visitor Center

The Eyjafjallajökull Erupts visitor center near Hvolsvöllur tells the story of the 2010 eruption with multimedia exhibits and local perspectives on living with an active volcano.

Location